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Chapter 7 — FIRE AND SMOKE PROTECTION FEATURES

Section 716 — OPENING PROTECTIVES

2025 California Building Code (Title 24, Part 2) · 2025 edition · updated 2026-07-29 · California

Italicized text is a California amendment to the model code, as printed in the official publication.

716.1 General.

Opening protectives required by other sections of this code shall comply with the provisions of this section and shall be installed in accordance with NFPA 80.

TABLE 716.1(1)—MARKING FIRE-RATED GLAZING ASSEMBLIES

FIRE TEST STANDARD MARKING DEFINITION OF MARKING
ASTM E119 or UL 263 W Meets wall assembly criteria.
ASTM E119 or UL 263 FC Meets floor/ceiling criteriaa
NFPA 257 or UL 9 OH Meets fire window assembly criteria including the hose stream test.
NFPA 252 or UL 10B or UL 10C D Meets fire door assembly criteria.
NFPA 252 or UL 10B or UL 10C H Meets fire door assembly hose stream test.
NFPA 252 or UL 10B or UL 10C T Meets 450°F temperature rise criteria for 30 minutes
— XXX The time in minutes of the fire resistance or fire protection rating of the glazing assembly.
For SI:°C = [(°F) – 32]/1.8.
a. See Section 2409.1

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FIRE AND SMOKE PROTECTION FEATURES

TABLE 716.1(2)—OPENING FIRE PROTECTION ASSEMBLIES, RATINGS AND MARKINGS

** TYPE OF**
ASSEMBLY		 ** REQUIRED WALL**
ASSEMBLY RATING
(hours)		 ** REQUIRED WALL**
ASSEMBLY RATING
(hours)		 ** MINIMUM**
FIRE DOOR
AND FIRE
SHUTTER
ASSEMBLY
RATING
(hours)		 DOOR
VISION
PANEL
SIZEa		 FIRE-RATED
GLAZING
MARKING
DOOR VISION
PANELb, c		 ** MINIMUM**
SIDELIGHT/TRANSOM
ASSEMBLY RATING
(hours)		 ** MINIMUM**
SIDELIGHT/TRANSOM
ASSEMBLY RATING
(hours)		 ** FIRE-RATED GLAZING**
MARKING SIDE-
LIGHT/TRANSOM PANEL		 ** FIRE-RATED GLAZING**
MARKING SIDE-
LIGHT/TRANSOM PANEL
** TYPE OF**
ASSEMBLY		 ** REQUIRED WALL**
ASSEMBLY RATING
(hours)		 ** REQUIRED WALL**
ASSEMBLY RATING
(hours)		 ** MINIMUM**
FIRE DOOR
AND FIRE
SHUTTER
ASSEMBLY
RATING
(hours)		 DOOR
VISION
PANEL
SIZEa		 FIRE-RATED
GLAZING
MARKING
DOOR VISION
PANELb, c		 ** Fire**
protection		 ** Fire**
resistance		 ** Fire**
protection		 ** Fire**
resistance
Fire walls and fire
barriers having a
required fire-resis-
tance rating
greater than 1
hour		 4 4 3 See
Note a		 D-H-W-240 Not
Permitted		 4 Not
Permitted		 W-240
Fire walls and fire
barriers having a
required fire-resis-
tance rating
greater than 1
hour		 3 3 3d See
Note a		 D-H-W-180 Not
Permitted		 3 Not
Permitted		 W-180
Fire walls and fire
barriers having a
required fire-resis-
tance rating
greater than 1
hour		 2 2 11/ 2 100 sq. in. ≤100 sq. in. =
D-H-90
>100 sq. in.=
D-H-W-90		 Not
Permitted		 2 Not
Permitted		 W-120
Fire walls and fire
barriers having a
required fire-resis-
tance rating
greater than 1
hour		 11/ 2 11/ 2 11/ 2 100 sq. in. ≤100 sq. in. =
D-H-90
>100 sq. in.=
D-H-W-90		 Not
Permitted		 11/ 2 Not
Permitted		 W-90
Double fire walls
constructed in
accordance with
NFPA 221		 Single-wall
assembly
rating
(hours)e		 Each wall of
the double-
wall assem-
bly (hours)f		 — — — — — — —
Double fire walls
constructed in
accordance with
NFPA 221		 4 3 3 See
Note a		 D-H-W-180 Not
Permitted		 3 Not
Permitted		 W-180
Double fire walls
constructed in
accordance with
NFPA 221		 3 2 11/ 2 100 sq. in. ≤ 100 sq. in. =
D-H-90
>100 sq. in.=
D-H-W-90		 Not
Permitted		 2 Not
Permitted		 W-120
Double fire walls
constructed in
accordance with
NFPA 221		 2 1 1 100 sq. in. ≤ 100 sq. in. =
D-H-60
> 100 sq. in. =
D-H-W-60		 Not
Permitted		 1 Not
Permitted		 W-60
Enclosures for
shafts, interior exit
stairways and inte-
rior exit ramps.		 2 2 11/ 2 100 sq. in.b ≤100 sq. in. =
D-H-90
> 100 sq. in.=
D-H-T-W-90		 Not
Permitted		 2 Not
Permitted		 W-120
Horizontal exits in
fire wallsg		 4 4 3 100 sq. in. ≤100 sq. in. =
D-H-180
> 100 sq. in.=
D-H-W-240		 Not
Permitted		 4 Not
Permitted		 W-240
Horizontal exits in
fire wallsg		 3 3 3d 100 sq. in. ≤100 sq. in. =
D-H-180
> 100 sq. in.=
D-H-W-180		 Not
Permitted		 3 Not
Permitted		 W-180
Fire barriers having
a required fire-
resistance rating of
1 hour: Enclosures
for shafts, exit
access stairways,
exit access ramps,
interior exit stair-
ways and interior
exit ramps; and exit
passageway walls		 1 1 1 100 sq. in. ≤100 sq. in. =
D-H-60
>100 sq. in.=
D-H-T-W-60		 Not
Permitted		 1 Not
Permitted		 W-60
Fire protection Fire protection
Other fire barriers 1 1 3/ 4 Maximum
size tested		 D-H-45 3/ 4
h		 3/ 4
h		 D-H-45h D-H-45h
Fire partitions:
Corridor walls		 1 1 1/ 3
a		 Maximum
size tested		 D-20 3/ 4
a		 3/ 4
a		 D-H-OH-45 D-H-OH-45
Fire partitions:
Corridor walls		 0.5 0.5 1/ 3
a		 Maximum
size tested		 D-20 1/ 3 1/ 3 D-H-OH-20 D-H-OH-20

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FIRE AND SMOKE PROTECTION FEATURES

TABLE 716.1(2)—OPENING FIRE PROTECTION ASSEMBLIES, RATINGS AND MARKINGS—continued

** TYPE OF**
ASSEMBLY		 ** REQUIRED WALL**
ASSEMBLY RATING
(hours)		 ** MINIMUM**
FIRE DOOR
AND FIRE
SHUTTER
ASSEMBLY
RATING
(hours)		 DOOR
VISION
PANEL
SIZEa		 FIRE-RATED
GLAZING
MARKING
DOOR VISION
PANELb, c		 ** MINIMUM**
SIDELIGHT/TRANSOM
ASSEMBLY RATING
(hours)		 ** MINIMUM**
SIDELIGHT/TRANSOM
ASSEMBLY RATING
(hours)		 ** FIRE-RATED GLAZING**
MARKING SIDE-
LIGHT/TRANSOM PANEL		 ** FIRE-RATED GLAZING**
MARKING SIDE-
LIGHT/TRANSOM PANEL
** TYPE OF**
ASSEMBLY		 ** REQUIRED WALL**
ASSEMBLY RATING
(hours)		 ** MINIMUM**
FIRE DOOR
AND FIRE
SHUTTER
ASSEMBLY
RATING
(hours)		 DOOR
VISION
PANEL
SIZEa		 FIRE-RATED
GLAZING
MARKING
DOOR VISION
PANELb, c		 ** Fire**
protection		 ** Fire**
resistance		 ** Fire**
protection		 ** Fire**
resistance
Fire protection Fire protection
Other fire
partitions		 1 3/ 4
i		 Maximum
size tested		 D-H-45 3/ 4 3/ 4 D-H-45 D-H-45
Other fire
partitions		 0.5 1/ 3 Maximum
size tested		 D-H-20 1/ 3 1/ 3 D-H-20 D-H-20
Exterior walls 3 11/ 2 100 sq. in.a ≤100 sq. in. =
D-H-90
> 100 sq. in =
D-H-W-90		 Not
Permitted		 3 Not
Permitted		 W-180
Exterior walls 2 11/ 2 Maximum
size tested		 D-H 90 or
D-H-W-90		 11/ 2
h		 2 D-H-OH-90h W-120
Exterior walls Fire protection Fire protection
Exterior walls 1 3/ 4 Maximum
size tested		 D-H-45 3/ 4
h		 3/ 4
h		 D-H-45h D-H-45h
Smoke barriers Fire protection Fire protection
Smoke barriers 1 1/ 3 Maximum
size tested		 D-20 3/ 4 3/ 4 D-H-OH-45 D-H-OH-45

For SI: 1 square inch = 645.2 mm.
a. Fire-resistance-rated glazing tested to ASTM E119 in accordance with Section 716.1.2.3 shall be permitted, in the maximum size tested.
b. Under the column heading “Fire-rated glazing marking door vision panel,” W refers to the fire-resistance rating of the glazing, not the frame.
c. See Section 716.1.2.2.1 and Table 716.1(1) for additional permitted markings.
d. Two doors, each with a fire protection rating of 11/2 hours, installed on opposite sides of the same opening in a fire wall, shall be deemed equivalent in fire protection rating to
one 3-hour fire door.
e. As required in Section 706.4.
f. As allowed in Section 4.6 of NFPA 221.
g. See Section 716.2.5.1.2.
h. Fire-protection-rated glazing is not permitted for fire barriers required by Section 1207 of the_California Fire Code_ to enclose energy storage systems. Fire-resistance-rated glaz-
ing assemblies tested to ASTM E119 or UL 263, as specified in Section 716.1.2.3, shall be permitted.
i. Two doors, each with a fire rating of 20 minutes, installed on opposite sides of the same opening in a fire partition, shall be deemed equivalent in fire protection rating to one
45-minute fire door.

TABLE 716.1(3)—FIRE WINDOW ASSEMBLY FIRE PROTECTION RATINGS

TYPE OF WALL ASSEMBLY REQUIRED WALL ASSEMBLY
RATING (hours)		 MINIMUM FIRE WINDOW
ASSEMBLY RATING (hours)		 FIRE-RATED GLAZING
MARKING
Interior walls
Fire walls All NPa W-XXXb
Fire barriers >1 NPa W-XXXb
Fire barriers 1 NPa W-XXXb
Atrium separations (Section 707.3.6),
Incidental use areas (Section 707.3.7),c
Mixed occupancy separations (Section 707.3.9)		 1 3/4 OH-45 or W-60
Fire partitions 1 3/4 OH-45 or W-60
Fire partitions 0.5 1/3 OH-20 or W-30
Smoke barriers 1 3/4 OH-45 or W-60
Exterior walls >1 11/2 OH-90 or W-XXXb
Exterior walls 1 3/4 OH-45 or W-60
Exterior walls 0.5 1/3 OH-20 or W-30
Party wall All NP Not Applicable
NP = Not Permitted.
a. Not permitted except fire-resistance-rated glazing assemblies tested to ASTM E119 or UL 263, as specified in Section 716.1.2.3.
b. XXX = The fire rating duration period in minutes, which shall be equal to the fire-resistance rating required for the wall assembly.
c. Fire-protection-rated glazing is not permitted for fire barriers required by Section 1207 of the_California Fire Code_ to enclose energy storage systems. Fire-resistance-rated
glazing assemblies tested to ASTM E119 or UL 263, as specified in Section 716.1.2.3, shall be permitted.

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FIRE AND SMOKE PROTECTION FEATURES

716.1.1 Alternative methods for determining fire protection ratings. The application of any of the alternative methods specified in this section shall be based on the fire exposure and acceptance criteria specified in NFPA 252, NFPA 257, UL 9, UL 10B or UL 10C. The required fire protection rating of an opening protective shall be permitted to be established by any of the following methods or procedures:

  1. Designs documented in approved sources.
  2. Engineering analysis based on a comparison of opening protective designs having fire protection ratings as determined by the test procedures set forth in NFPA 252, NFPA 257, UL 9, UL 10B or UL 10C.
  3. Alternative protection methods as allowed by Section 104.2.3.

716.1.2 Glazing. Glazing used in fire door assemblies and fire window assemblies shall comply with this section in addition to the requirements of Sections 716.2 and 716.3, respectively.

716.1.2.1 Safety glazing. Fire-protection-rated glazing and fire-resistance-rated glazing installed in fire door assemblies and fire window assemblies shall comply with the safety glazing requirements of Chapter 24 where applicable.

716.1.2.2 Marking fire-rated glazing assemblies. Fire-rated glazing assemblies shall be marked in accordance with Tables 716.1(1), 716.1(2) and 716.1(3).

716.1.2.2.1 Fire-rated glazing identification. For fire-rated glazing, the label shall bear the identification required in Tables 716.1(1) and 716.1(2). “D” indicates that the glazing is permitted to be used in fire door assemblies and meets the fire protection requirements of NFPA 252, UL 10B or UL 10C. “H” indicates that the glazing meets the hose stream requirements of NFPA 252, UL 10B or UL 10C. “T” indicates that the glazing meets the temperature requirements of Section 716.2.2.3.1. The placeholder “XXX” represents the fire-rating period, in minutes.

716.1.2.2.2 Fire-protection-rated glazing identification. For fire-protection-rated glazing, the label shall bear the following identification required in Tables 716.1(1) and 716.1(3): “OH – XXX.” “OH” indicates that the glazing meets both the fire protection and the hose-stream requirements of NFPA 257 or UL 9 and is permitted to be used in fire window openings. The placeholder “XXX” represents the fire-rating period, in minutes.

716.1.2.2.3 Fire-resistance-rated glazing identification. For fire-resistance-rated glazing, the label shall bear the identification required in Section 703.4 and Table 716.1(1).

716.1.2.2.4 Fire-rated glazing that exceeds the code requirements. Fire-rated glazing assemblies marked as complying with hose stream requirements (H) shall be permitted in applications that do not require compliance with hose stream requirements. Fire-rated glazing assemblies marked as complying with temperature rise requirements (T) shall be permitted in applications that do not require compliance with temperature rise requirements. Fire-rated glazing assemblies marked with ratings (XXX) that exceed the ratings required by this code shall be permitted.

permitted in applications that do not require compliance with hose stream requirements. Fire-rated glazing assemblies marked as complying with temperature rise requirements (T) shall be permitted in applications that do not require compliance with temperature rise requirements. Fire-rated glazing assemblies marked with ratings (XXX) that exceed the ratings required by this code shall be permitted.

716.1.2.3 Fire-resistance-rated glazing. Fire-resistance-rated glazing tested as part of a fire-resistance-rated wall or floor/ceiling assembly in accordance with ASTM E119 or UL 263 and labeled in accordance with Section 703.4 shall not otherwise be required to comply with this section where used as part of a wall or floor/ceiling assembly.

716.1.2.3.1 Glazing in fire door and fire window assemblies. Fire-resistance-rated glazing shall be permitted in fire door and fire window assemblies where tested and installed in accordance with their listings and where in compliance with the requirements of this section.

716.2 Fire door assemblies.

Fire door assemblies required by other sections of this code shall comply with the provisions of this section. Fire door frames with transom lights, sidelights or both shall be permitted in accordance with Section 716.2.5.4.

716.2.1 Testing requirements. Approved fire door and fire shutter assemblies shall be constructed of any material or assembly of component materials that conforms to the test requirements of Sections 716.2.1.1 through 716.2.1.4 and the fire protection rating indicated in Table 716.1(2).

Exceptions:

  1. Labeled protective assemblies that conform to the requirements of this section or UL 10A, UL 14B and UL 14C for tinclad fire door assemblies.

  2. Floor fire door assemblies in accordance with Section 712.1.13.1.

716.2.1.1 Side-hinged or pivoted swinging doors. Fire door assemblies with side-hinged and pivoted swinging doors shall be tested in accordance with NFPA 252 or UL 10C. For tests conducted in accordance with NFPA 252, the fire test shall be conducted using the positive pressure method specified in the standard.

716.2.1.2 Other types of assemblies. Fire door assemblies with other types of doors, including swinging elevator doors, horizontal sliding fire doors, rolling steel fire doors, fire shutters, bottom- and side-hinged chute intake doors, and top-hinged chute discharge doors, shall be tested in accordance with NFPA 252 or UL 10B. For tests conducted in accordance with NFPA 252, the neutral pressure plane in the furnace shall be maintained as nearly equal to the atmospheric pressure as possible at the top of the door, as specified in the standard.

716.2.1.3 Glazing in transoms lights and sidelights in corridors and smoke barriers. Glazing material in any other part of the door assembly, including transom lights and sidelights, shall be tested in accordance with NFPA 257 or UL 9, including the hose stream test, in accordance with Section 716.3.1.1.

716.2.1.4 Smoke and draft control. Fire door assemblies that serve as smoke and draft control assemblies shall be tested in

accordance with UL 1784.

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716.2.2 Performance requirements. Fire door assemblies shall be installed in the assemblies specified in Table 716.1(2) and shall comply with the fire protection rating specified.

716.2.2.1 Door assemblies in corridors and smoke barriers. Fire door assemblies required to have a minimum fire protection rating of 20 minutes where located in corridor walls or smoke barrier walls having a fire-resistance rating in accordance with Table 716.1(2) shall be tested in accordance with NFPA 252 or UL 10C without the hose stream test.

Exceptions:

  1. Viewports that require a hole not larger than 1 inch (25 mm) in diameter through the door, have not less than a 0.25-inch-thick (6.4 mm) glass disc and the holder is of metal that will not melt out where subject to temperatures of 1,700°F (927°C).

  2. Corridor door assemblies in occupancies of Group I-2 in fully sprinklered buildings shall be in accordance with Section 407.3.1.

  3. Unprotected openings shall be permitted for corridors in multitheater complexes where each motion picture auditorium has not fewer than one-half of its required exit or exit access doorways opening directly to the exterior or into an exit passageway.

  4. Horizontal sliding doors in smoke barriers that comply with Sections 408.6 and 408.8.4 in occupancies in Group I-3. 5. Group I-3 occupancy cell or room doors that have any of the following as integral parts of the rated door assembly:

Sidelights, Cuff Ports, Speaker Ports and open into a required exit corridor within a cell complex, medical suite, mental health suite, program office, family visiting area or complex control area. 6. Safety room doors with a food pass with a lockable shutter, no more than 4 inches (102 mm) high, and located between 26 inches (660 mm) and 32 inches (813 mm) as measured from the bottom of the food pass to the floor.

716.2.2.1.1 Smoke and draft control. The air leakage rate of the door assembly shall not exceed 3.0 cubic feet per minute per square foot (0.01524 m [3] /s × m [2] ) of door opening at 0.10 inch of water (25 Pa) for both the ambient temperature and elevated temperature tests. Louvers shall be prohibited. Terminated stops shall be prohibited on doors required by Section 405.4.3 to comply with Section 716.2.2.1 and prohibited on doors required by Item 3 of Section 3006.3, or Section 3007.6.3 or 3008.6.3 to comply with this section.

Exception: Elevator hoistway door openings protected in accordance with Section 3006.3.

716.2.2.2 Door assemblies in other fire partitions. Fire door assemblies required to have a minimum fire protection rating of 20 minutes where located in other fire partitions having a fire-resistance rating of 0.5 hour in accordance with Table 716.1(2) shall be tested in accordance with NFPA 252, UL 10B or UL 10C with the hose stream test.

716.2.2.3 Doors in interior exit stairways and ramps and exit passageways. Fire door assemblies in interior exit stairways and ramps and exit passageways shall have a maximum transmitted temperature rise of not more than 450°F (250°C) above ambient at the end of 30 minutes of standard fire test exposure.

Exception: The maximum transmitted temperature rise is not required in buildings equipped throughout with an automatic sprinkler system installed in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1 or 903.3.1.2. 716.2.2.3.1 Glazing in doors. Fire-protection-rated glazing in excess of 100 square inches (0.065 m [2] ) is not permitted. Fireresistance-rated glazing in excess of 100 square inches (0.065 m [2] ) shall be permitted in fire doors. Listed fire-resistance-rated glazing in a fire door shall have a maximum transmitted temperature rise in accordance with Section 716.2.2.3 when the fire door is tested in accordance with NFPA 252, UL 10B or UL 10C.

716.2.3 Fire doors. Fire doors installed within a fire door assembly shall meet the fire rating indicated in Table 716.1(2).

716.2.4 Fire door frames. Fire door frames installed as part of a fire door assembly shall meet the fire rating indicated in Table 716.1(2).

716.2.5 Glazing in fire door assemblies. Fire-rated glazing conforming to the opening protection requirements in Section 716.2.1 shall be permitted in fire door assemblies.

716.2.5.1 Size limitations. Fire-resistance-rated glazing shall comply with the size limitations in Section 716.2.5.1.1. Fireprotection-rated glazing shall comply with the size limitations of NFPA 80, and as provided in Section 716.2.5.1.2.

716.2.5.1.1 Fire-resistance-rated glazing in door assemblies in fire walls and fire barriers rated greater than 1 hour. Fire-resistance-rated glazing tested to ASTM E119 or UL 263 and NFPA 252, UL 10B or UL 10C shall be permitted in fire door assemblies located in fire walls and in fire barriers in accordance with Table 716.1(2) to the maximum size tested and in accordance with their listings.

716.2.5.1.2 Fire-protection-rated glazing in door assemblies in fire walls and fire barriers rated greater than 1 hour. Fire-protection-rated glazing shall be prohibited in fire walls and fire barriers except as provided in Sections 716.2.5.1.2.1 and 716.2.5.1.2.2.

716.2.5.1.2.1 Horizontal exits. Fire-protection-rated glazing shall be permitted as vision panels in self-closing swinging fire door assemblies serving as horizontal exits in fire walls where limited to 100 square inches (0.065 m [2] ). 716.2.5.1.2.2 Fire barriers. Fire-protection-rated glazing shall be permitted in fire doors having a 1 [1] / 2 -hour fire protection rating intended for installation in fire barriers, where limited to 100 square inches (0.065 m [2] ).

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FIRE AND SMOKE PROTECTION FEATURES

716.2.5.2 Elevator, stairway and ramp protectives. Approved fire-protection-rated glazing used in fire door assemblies in elevator, stairway and ramp enclosures shall be so located as to furnish clear vision of the passageway or approach to the elevator, stairway or ramp.

716.2.5.3 Glazing in door assemblies in corridors and smoke barriers. In a 20-minute fire door assembly, the glazing material in the door itself shall have a minimum fire-protection-rated glazing of 20 minutes and shall be exempt from the hose stream test.

716.2.5.4 Fire door frames with transom lights and sidelights. Fire-protection-rated glazing shall be permitted in door frames with transom lights, sidelights or both, where a [3] / 4 -hour fire protection rating or less is required and in 2-hour fire-resistance-rated exterior walls in accordance with Table 716.1(2). Fire door frames with transom lights, sidelights or both, installed with fire-resistance-rated glazing tested as an assembly in accordance with ASTM E119 or UL 263 shall be permitted where a fire protection rating exceeding [3] / 4 hour is required in accordance with Table 716.1(2).

716.2.5.4.1 Energy storage system separation. Fire-protection-rated glazing shall not be permitted in fire door frames with transom lights and sidelights in fire barriers required by Section 1207 of the California Fire Code to enclose energy storage systems.

716.2.6 Fire door hardware and closers. Fire door hardware and closers shall be installed on fire door assemblies in accordance with the requirements of this section.

716.2.6.1 Door closing. Fire doors shall be latching and self- or automatic-closing in accordance with this section.

Exceptions:

  1. Fire doors located in common walls separating dwelling units or sleeping units in Group R-1 shall be permitted without automatic- or self-closing devices.
  2. The elevator car doors and the associated elevator hoistway doors at the floor level designated for recall in accordance with Section 3003.2 shall be permitted to remain open during Phase I emergency recall operation.
  3. Fire doors required solely for compliance with ICC 500 shall not be required to be self-closing or automatic-closing.

716.2.6.2 Latch required. Unless otherwise specifically permitted, single side-hinged swinging fire doors and both leaves of pairs of side-hinged swinging fire doors shall be provided with an active latch bolt that will secure the door when it is closed.

716.2.6.3 Chute intake door latching. Chute intake doors shall be positive latching, remaining latched and closed in the event of latch spring failure during a fire emergency.

716.2.6.4 Automatic-closing fire door assemblies. Automatic-closing fire door assemblies shall be self-closing in accordance with NFPA 80.

716.2.6.5 Delayed-action closers. Doors required to be self-closing and not required to be automatic closing shall be permitted to be equipped with delayed-action closers.

716.2.6.6 Smoke-activated doors. Automatic-closing doors installed in the following locations shall be permitted to have hold-open devices. Doors shall automatically close by the actuation of smoke detectors installed in accordance with Section 907.3 or by loss of power to the smoke detector or hold-open device. Doors that are automatic-closing by smoke detection shall not have more than a 10-second delay before the door starts to close after the smoke detector is actuated. Automaticclosing doors that protect openings installed in the following locations shall comply with this section:

  1. In walls that separate incidental uses in accordance with Section 509.4.

  2. In fire walls in accordance with Section 706.8.

  3. In fire barriers in accordance with Section 707.6.

  4. In fire partitions in accordance with Section 708.6.

  5. In smoke barriers in accordance with Section 709.5.

  6. In smoke partitions in accordance with Section 710.5.2.3.

  7. In shaft enclosures in accordance with Section 713.7.

  8. In waste and linen chutes, discharge openings and access and discharge rooms in accordance with Section 713.13. Loading doors installed in waste and linen chutes shall meet the requirements of Sections 716.2.6.1 and 716.2.6.3. 9. [SFM] Doors installed in walls required to be fire rated in accordance with Section 509.4. 10. [SFM] Doors installed in walls required to be fire rated in accordance with Section 508.4.

In Group I-2 occupancies smoke activated doors installed in the above locations shall be automatic closing by actuation of the fire alarm system, or actuation of smoke detectors installed in accordance with Section 907.3, or activation of the sprinkler system installed in accordance with Section 903.1.

716.2.6.7 Doors in pedestrian ways. Vertical sliding or vertical rolling steel fire doors in openings through which pedestrians travel shall be heat activated or activated by smoke detectors with alarm verification.

716.2.7 Swinging fire shutters. Where fire shutters of the swinging type are installed in exterior openings, not less than one row in every three vertical rows shall be arranged to be readily opened from the outside, and shall be identified by distinguishing marks or letters not less than 6 inches (152 mm) high.

716.2.8 Rolling fire shutters. Where fire shutters of the rolling type are installed, such shutters shall include approved automaticclosing devices.

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FIRE AND SMOKE PROTECTION FEATURES

716.2.9 Labeled protective assemblies. Fire door assemblies shall be labeled by an approved agency. The labels shall comply with NFPA 80, and shall be permanently affixed to the door or frame.

716.2.9.1 Fire door labeling requirements. Fire doors shall be labeled showing the name of the manufacturer or other identification readily traceable back to the manufacturer, the name or trademark of the third-party inspection agency, the fire protection rating and, where required for fire doors in interior exit stairways and ramps and exit passageways by Section 716.2.2.3, the maximum transmitted temperature end point. Smoke and draft control doors complying with UL 1784 shall be labeled as such and shall comply with Section 716.2.9.3. Labels shall be approved and permanently affixed. The label shall be applied at the factory or location where fabrication and assembly are performed.

oors in interior exit stairways and ramps and exit passageways by Section 716.2.2.3, the maximum transmitted temperature end point. Smoke and draft control doors complying with UL 1784 shall be labeled as such and shall comply with Section 716.2.9.3. Labels shall be approved and permanently affixed. The label shall be applied at the factory or location where fabrication and assembly are performed.

716.2.9.1.1 Light kits, louvers and components. Listed light kits and louvers and their required preparations shall be considered as part of the labeled door where such installations are done under the listing program of the third-party agency. Fire doors and fire door assemblies shall be permitted to consist of components, including glazing, vision light kits and hardware that are listed or classified and labeled for such use by different third-party agencies.

716.2.9.2 Oversized doors. Oversized fire doors shall bear an oversized fire door label by an approved agency or shall be provided with a certificate of inspection furnished by an approved testing agency. Where a certificate of inspection is furnished by an approved testing agency, the certificate shall state that the door conforms to the requirements of design, materials and construction, but has not been subjected to the fire test.

716.2.9.3 Smoke and draft control door labeling requirements. Smoke and draft control doors complying with UL 1784 shall be labeled in accordance with Section 716.2.9.1 and shall show the letter “S” on the fire-rating label of the door. This marking shall indicate that the door and frame assembly are in compliance where listed or labeled gasketing is installed.

716.2.9.4 Fire door frame labeling requirements. Fire door frames shall be labeled showing the names of the manufacturer and the third-party inspection agency.

Exception: In Group I-3 doors that are required to be 45 minutes or higher shall be fire-rated assemblies or certified by the manu- facturer as being equivalent to the required standard.

716.2.9.5 Labeling. Fire-rated glazing shall bear a label or other identification showing the name of the manufacturer, the test standard and information required in Table 716.1(1) that shall be issued by an approved agency and shall be permanently identified on the glazing.

716.2.9.6 Fire door operator labeling requirements. Fire door operators for horizontal sliding doors shall be labeled and listed for use with the assembly.

716.2.10 Installation of door assemblies in corridors and smoke barriers. Installation of smoke doors shall be in accordance

with NFPA 105.

716.3 Fire window assemblies.

Fire window assemblies required by other sections of this code shall comply with the provisions of this section.

716.3.1 Testing requirements. Fire window assemblies shall be constructed of any material or assembly of component materials that conforms to the test requirements of Sections 716.3.1.1 and 716.3.1.2 and the fire protection rating indicated in Table 716.1(3).

716.3.1.1 Testing under positive pressure. NFPA 257 or UL 9 shall evaluate fire-protection-rated glazing under positive pressure. Within the first 10 minutes of a test, the pressure in the furnace shall be adjusted so not less than two-thirds of the test specimen is above the neutral pressure plane, and the neutral pressure plane shall be maintained at that height for the balance of the test.

716.3.1.2 Nonsymmetrical glazing systems. Nonsymmetrical fire-protection-rated glazing systems in fire partitions, fire barriers or in exterior walls with a fire separation distance of 10 feet (3048 mm) or less pursuant to Section 705 shall be tested with both faces exposed to the furnace, and the assigned fire protection rating shall be the shortest duration obtained from the two tests conducted in compliance with NFPA 257 or UL 9.

716.3.2 Performance requirements. Fire window assemblies shall be installed in the assemblies and comply with the fire protection rating specified in Table 716.1(3).

716.3.2.1 Interior fire window assemblies. Fire-protection-rated glazing used in fire window assemblies located in fire partitions and fire barriers shall be limited to use in assemblies with a maximum fire-resistance rating of 1 hour in accordance with this section.

716.3.2.1.1 Where [3] / 4 -hour-fire-protection window assemblies permitted. Fire-protection-rated glazing requiring 45minute opening protection in accordance with Table 716.1(3) shall be limited to fire partitions designed in accordance with Section 708 and fire barriers utilized in the applications set forth in Sections 707.3.6, 707.3.7 and 707.3.9 where the fire-resistance rating does not exceed 1 hour. Fire-resistance-rated glazing assemblies tested in accordance with ASTM E119 or UL 263 shall not be subject to the limitations of this section.

716.3.2.1.1.1 Energy storage system separation. Fire-protection-rated glazing is not permitted for use in fire window assemblies in fire barriers required by Section 1207 of the California Fire Code to enclose energy storage systems.

716.3.2.1.2 Area limitations. The total area of the glazing in fire-protection-rated window assemblies shall not exceed 25 percent of the area of a common wall with any room.

on Jul 18, 2025 11:14 AM (CDT) THEREUNDER.

FIRE AND SMOKE PROTECTION FEATURES

716.3.2.1.3 Where [1] / 3 -hour-fire-protection window assemblies permitted. Fire-protection-rated glazing shall be permitted in window assemblies tested to NFPA 257 or UL 9 in fire partitions requiring [1] / 3 -hour opening protection in accordance with Table 716.1(3).

716.3.3 Fire window frames. Fire window frames installed with a fire window assembly shall meet the fire-protection rating indicated in Table 716.1(3).

716.3.3.1 Window mullions. Metal mullions that exceed a nominal height of 12 feet (3658 mm) shall be protected with materials to afford the same fire-resistance rating as required for the wall construction in which the protective is located.

716.3.4 Fire-protection-rated glazing. Glazing in fire window assemblies shall be fire protection rated in accordance with this section and Table 716.1(3). Fire-protection-rated glazing in fire window assemblies shall be tested in accordance with and shall meet the acceptance criteria of NFPA 257 or UL 9. Openings in nonfire-resistance-rated exterior wall assemblies that require protection in accordance with Section 705.3, 705.9, 705.9.5 or 705.9.6 shall have a fire protection rating of not less than [3] / 4 hour. Fire-protection-rated glazing in [1] / 2 -hour fire-resistance-rated partitions is permitted to have a 20-minute fire protection rating.

716.3.4.1 Glass and glazing. Glazing in fire window assemblies shall be fire-protection-rated glazing installed in accordance with and complying with the size limitations set forth in NFPA 80.

716.3.5 Labeled protective assemblies. Glazing in fire window assemblies shall be labeled by an approved agency. The labels shall comply with NFPA 80 and Section 716.3.5.2.

716.3.5.1 Fire window frames. Fire window frames shall be approved for the intended application.

716.3.5.2 Labeling requirements. Fire-protection-rated glazing shall bear a label or other identification showing the name of the manufacturer, the test standard and information required in Section 716.1.2.2.2 and Table 716.1(3) that shall be issued by an approved agency and permanently identified on the glazing.

716.3.6 Installation. Fire window assemblies shall be installed in accordance with the provisions of this section.

716.3.6.1 Closure. Fire-protection-rated glazing shall be in the fixed position or be automatic-closing and shall be installed in labeled frames.

716.4 Fire protective curtain assembly.

Approved fire protective curtain assemblies shall be constructed of any materials or assembly of component materials tested without hose stream in accordance with UL 10D, and shall comply with the Sections 716.4.1 through 716.4.3.

716.4.1 Label. Fire protective curtain assemblies used as opening protectives in fire-rated walls and smoke partitions shall be labeled in accordance with Section 716.2.9.

716.4.2 Smoke and draft control. Fire protective curtain assemblies used to protect openings where smoke and draft control assemblies are required shall comply with Section 716.2.1.4.

716.4.3 Installation. Fire protective curtain assemblies shall be installed in accordance with NFPA 80.

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▸ Contents — 2025 California Building Code (Title 24, Part 2)
2025 California Building Code (Title 24, Part 2)
  1. Chapter 1 — ADMINISTRATION
  2. Chapter 2 — DEFINITIONS
  3. Chapter 3 — OCCUPANCY CLASSIFICATION AND USE
  4. Chapter 4 — SPECIAL DETAILED REQUIREMENTS BASED ON OCCUPANCY A…
  5. Chapter 5 — GENERAL BUILDING HEIGHTS AND AREAS
  6. Chapter 6 — TYPES OF CONSTRUCTION
  7. ▸ Chapter 7 — FIRE AND SMOKE PROTECTION FEATURES
    Overview
    1. Section 701 — GENERAL
    2. Section 702 — MULTIPLE-USE FIRE ASSEMBLIES
    3. Section 703 — FIRE-RESISTANCE RATINGS AND FIRE TESTS
    4. Section 704 — FIRE-RESISTANCE RATING OF STRUCTURAL MEMBERS
    5. Section 705 — EXTERIOR WALLS
    6. Section 706 — FIRE WALLS
    7. Section 707 — FIRE BARRIERS
    8. Section 708 — FIRE PARTITIONS
    9. Section 709 — SMOKE BARRIERS
    10. Section 710 — SMOKE PARTITIONS
    11. Section 711 — FLOOR AND ROOF ASSEMBLIES
    12. Section 712 — VERTICAL OPENINGS
    13. Section 713 — SHAFT ENCLOSURES
    14. Section 714 — PENETRATIONS
    15. Section 715 — JOINTS AND VOIDS
    16. Section 716 — OPENING PROTECTIVES
    17. Section 717 — DUCTS AND AIR TRANSFER OPENINGS
    18. Section 718 — CONCEALED SPACES
    19. Section 719 — FIRE-RESISTANCE REQUIREMENTS FOR PLASTER
    20. Section 720 — THERMAL- AND SOUND-INSULATING MATERIALS
    21. Section 721 — PRESCRIPTIVE FIRE RESISTANCE
    22. Section 722 — CALCULATED FIRE RESISTANCE
  8. Chapter 7A — MATERIALS AND CONSTRUCTION METHODS FOR EXTERIOR W…
  9. Chapter 8 — INTERIOR FINISHES
  10. Chapter 9 — FIRE PROTECTION AND LIFE SAFETY SYSTEMS
  11. Chapter 10 — MEANS OF EGRESS
  12. Chapter 11 — RESERVED
  13. Chapter 11A — HOUSING ACCESSIBILITY
  14. Chapter 11B — ACCESSIBILITY TO PUBLIC BUILDINGS, PUBLIC ACCOMM…
  15. Chapter 12 — INTERIOR ENVIRONMENT
  16. Chapter 13 — ENERGY EFFICIENCY
  17. Chapter 14 — EXTERIOR WALLS
  18. Chapter 15 — ROOF ASSEMBLIES AND ROOFTOP STRUCTURES
  19. Chapter 16 — STRUCTURAL DESIGN
  20. Chapter 16A — STRUCTURAL DESIGN
  21. Chapter 17 — SPECIAL INSPECTIONS AND TESTS
  22. Chapter 17A — SPECIAL INSPECTIONS AND TESTS
  23. Chapter 18 — SOILS AND FOUNDATIONS
  24. Chapter 18A — SOILS AND FOUNDATIONS
  25. Chapter 19 — CONCRETE
  26. Chapter 19A — CONCRETE
  27. Chapter 20 — ALUMINUM
  28. Chapter 21 — MASONRY
  29. Chapter 21A — MASONRY
  30. Chapter 22 — STEEL
  31. Chapter 22A — STEEL
  32. Chapter 23 — WOOD
  33. Chapter 24 — GLASS AND GLAZING
  34. Chapter 25 — GYPSUM PANEL PRODUCTS AND PLASTER
  35. Chapter 26 — PLASTIC
  36. Chapter 27 — ELECTRICAL
  37. Chapter 28 — MECHANICAL SYSTEMS
  38. Chapter 29 — PLUMBING SYSTEMS
  39. Chapter 30 — ELEVATORS AND CONVEYING SYSTEMS
  40. Chapter 31 — SPECIAL CONSTRUCTION
  41. Chapter 31A — SYSTEMS FOR WINDOW CLEANING OR EXTERIOR BUILDING…
  42. Chapter 31B — PUBLIC POOLS
  43. Chapter 31C — RADIATION
  44. Chapter 31D — FOOD ESTABLISHMENTS
  45. Chapter 31F — MARINE OIL TERMINALS
  46. Chapter 32 — ENCROACHMENTS INTO THE PUBLIC RIGHT-OF-WAY
  47. Chapter 33 — SAFEGUARDS DURING CONSTRUCTION
  48. Chapter 34 — RESERVED
  49. Chapter 35 — REFERENCED STANDARDS
  50. Appendix A — EMPLOYEE QUALIFICATIONS
  51. Appendix B — BOARD OF APPEALS
  52. Appendix C — GROUP U—AGRICULTURAL BUILDINGS
  53. Appendix D — FIRE DISTRICTS
  54. Appendix E — RESERVED
  55. Appendix F — RODENTPROOFING
  56. Appendix G — FLOOD-RESISTANT CONSTRUCTION
  57. Appendix H — SIGNS
  58. Appendix I — PATIO COVERS
  59. Appendix J — GRADING
  60. Appendix K — GROUP R-3 AND GROUP R-3.1 OCCUPANCIES PROTECTED B…
  61. Appendix L — EARTHQUAKE RECORDING INSTRUMENTATION
  62. Appendix M — TSUNAMI-GENERATED FLOOD HAZARDS
  63. Appendix N — REPLICABLE BUILDINGS
  64. Appendix O — PERFORMANCE-BASED APPLICATION
  65. Appendix P — SLEEPING LOFTS
  66. Appendix Q — EMERGENCY HOUSING

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