Useful Tables — California Plumbing Code (Title 24, Part 5)

CONVERSION TABLES

Note: The information contained in these tables are not part of this American National Standard (ANS) and have not been processed in accordance with ANSI’s requirements for an ANS. As such, these tables may contain material that has not been subjected to public review or a consensus process. In addition, they do not contain requirements necessary for conformance to the standard.

UNIT CONVERSIONS

MULTIPLY BY TO OBTAIN

Acres.........................................................................43 560 ............................Square feet (ft [2] ) Acre-feet...................................................................43 560 ............................Cubic feet (ft [3] )

Acre-feet.................................................................325 851 ............................Gallons (U. S. liquid)

Atmosphere (atm)........................................................76.0 ............................Centimeters of mercury (0°C)

Atmosphere (standard) (atm)........................................76.0 ............................Centimeters of mercury (0°C)

Atmosphere (standard) (atm)......................................33.90 ............................Feet of water (4°C)

Atmosphere (standard) (atm)......................................29.92 ............................Inches of mercury

Atmosphere (standard) (atm)..............................101.32501 ............................Kilopascals (kPa) Atmosphere (standard) (atm)......................................14.70 ............................Pounds-force/square inch (lbf/in [2] )

Barrels..............................................................................42 ............................Gallons (gal)

Barrels...................................................................158.9873 ............................Liters (L)

British thermal units (Btu)....................................1055.055 ............................Joules (J)

British thermal units/hour (Btu/h) ........................0.000293 ............................Kilowatts (kW)

British thermal units/hour (Btu/h) ..............................0.293 ............................Watts (W)

British thermal unit hour (Btu/h)..........................1.055056 ............................Kilojoules (kJ)

British thermal unit hour (Btu/h)..........................1055.056 ............................Joule (J)

British thermal units/minute (Btu/min) ......................12.97 ............................Foot pounds-force/second (ft•lbf/s)

British thermal units/minute (Btu/min) ..................0.02358 ............................Horsepower (hp) (international)

British thermal unit per hour square foot degree Fahrenheit [Btu/(h•ft [2] - °F)] .............5.678263 ............................Watt per square meter kelvin [W/(m [2] - K)]

British thermal unit inch per hour foot degree Fahrenheit [Btu•in/(h•ft•°F)] ......0.14442279 ............................Watt per meter kelvin [W/(m•K)] Candelas per square inch (cd/in [2] )................1.550003 x 10 [3] ............................Candela per square meters (cd/m [2] )

Celsius (°C)......................................................°C + 273.15 ............................Kelvin (k)

Celsius (°C)....................................................1.8 x °C + 32 ............................Fahrenheit (°F)

Centimeters (cm) ......................................................0.3937 ............................Inches (in)

Centimeters of mercury (0°C) ................................0.01316 ............................Atmosphere (standard)

Centimeters of mercury (0°C) ....................................0.446 ............................Feet of water (4°C) Centimeters of mercury (0°C) ....................................27.84 ............................Pounds-force/square feet (lbf/ft [2] ) Centimeters of mercury (0°C) ..................................0.1934 ............................Pounds-force/square inch (lbf/in [2] )

Circumference ............................................................6.283 ............................Radians (rad) Cubic feet (ft [3] ) .............................................................1728 ............................Cubic inches (in [3] ) Cubic feet (ft [3] ) ..........................................................0.0283 ............................Cubic meters (m [3] ) Cubic feet (ft [3] ) ........................................................0.03704 ............................Cubic yards (yd [3] ) Cubic feet (ft [3] ) ........................................................7.48052 ............................Gallons (U.S. liquid) (gal) Cubic feet (ft [3] ) ............................................................28.32 ............................Liters (L) Cubic feet (ft [3] ) ............................................................29.92 ............................Quarts (U.S. liquid) Cubic feet/hour (ft [3] /h)...............................................0.0283 ............................Cubic meters/hour (m [3] /h)

UNIT CONVERSIONS (continued)

MULTIPLY BY TO OBTAIN

Cubic feet/minute (ft [3] /min )..................................0.000472 ............................Cubic meters/second (m [3] /s) Cubic feet/minute (ft [3] /min )......................................0.1247 ............................Gallons/second Cubic feet/minute (ft [3] /min )....................................0.47194 ............................Liters/second (L/s) Cubic feet/second (ft [3] /s) ....................................646 316.89 ............................Gallons/day Cubic feet/second (ft [3] /s) .........................................448.831 ............................Gallons/minute (gpm) Cubic inches (in [3] )...............................................1.64 x 10 [-5] ............................Cubic meters (m [3] ) Cubic inches (in [3] ) ...................................................0.01639 ............................Liters (L) Cubic meters (m [3] ).....................................................264.17 ............................Gallons (U.S. liquid) Cubic yards (yd [3] ).............................................................27 ............................Cubic feet (ft [3] ) Cubic yards (yd [3] )....................................................0.76455 ............................Cubic meters (m [3] ) Cubic yards (yd [3] )......................................................201.97 ............................Gallons (U.S. liquid)

Degrees (deg)............................................................0.0174 ............................Radians (rad)

Fahrenheit (°F)...................................................(°F-32)/1.8 ............................Celsius (°C)

Feet (ft) .....................................................................0.3048 ............................Meters (m)

Feet (ft) .......................................................................304.8 ............................Millimeters (mm)

Feet of water (4°C)...................................................0.0295 ............................Atmosphere (standard) (atm)

Feet of water (4°C)...................................................0.8827 ............................Inches of mercury (0°C)

Feet of water (4°C).....................................................62.43 ............................Pounds-force/square feet

Feet of water (4°C)...................................................0.4335 ............................Pounds-force/square inch

Feet/minute (ft/min)................................................0.01667 ............................Feet/second (ft/s)

Feet/minute (ft/min)................................................0.01136 ............................Miles/hour (mi/h)

Feet/second (ft/s) ......................................................0.3048 ............................Meters/second (m/s)

Feet/second (ft/s) ......................................................0.6818 ............................Miles/hour (mi/h)

Feet/second (ft/s) ....................................................0.01136 ............................Miles/minute (mi/min) Foot lambert (fL) ..................................................3.426259 ............................Candela per square meter (cd/m [2] )

Foot pounds-force (ft•lbf)...........................................1.355 ............................Joules (J) Foot pounds-force/minute (ft•lbf/min).............2.260 x 10 [-5] ............................Kilowatts (kW) Foot pounds-force/second (ft•lbf/s)..................1.356 x 10 [-3] ............................Kilowatts (kW) Gallons (U.S. liquid) (gal).............................................231 ............................Cubic inches (in [3] ) Gallons (U.S. liquid) (gal)....................................0.003785 ............................Cubic meters (m [3] ) Gallons (U.S. liquid) (gal)........................................0.1337 ............................Cubic feet (ft [3] )

Gallons (U.S. liquid) (gal)..........................................3.785 ............................Liters (L)

Gallons (U.S. liquid) (gal).................................................4 ............................Quarts (U.S. liquid) Gallons/day...........................................................4.3 x 10 [-5] ............................Liters/second Gallons/minute (gal/min) (gpm)...............................8.0208 ............................Cubic feet/hour (ft [3] /h) Gallons/minute (gal/min) (gpm).....................0.003785412 ............................Cubic meters/minute (m [3] /min) Gallons/minute (gal/min) (gpm).............................0.00223 ............................Cubic feet/second (ft [3] /s) Gallons/minute (gal/min) (gpm).................6.309020 x 10 [-5] ............................Cubic meters/second (m [3] /s)

Gallons/minute (gal/min) (gpm).............................0.06309 ............................Liters/second (L/s)

Grains (gr) ........................................................0.00006479 ............................Kilograms (kg)

Horsepower (hp).......................................................0.7457 ............................Kilowatts (kW) Horsepower-hours............................................2.684 x 10 [+6] ............................Joules (J)

Horsepower-hours ....................................................0.7457 ............................Kilowatt-hours (kW•h)

Inch (water column at 60°F)...................................0.24884 ............................Kilopascals (kPa)

Inches (in).....................................................................2.54 ............................Centimeters (cm)

UNIT CONVERSIONS (continued)

MULTIPLY BY TO OBTAIN

Inches (in).....................................................................25.4 ............................Millimeters (mm)

Inches/hour ...................................................................25.4 ............................Millimeters/hour (mm/h)

Inches of mercury (0°C).........................................0.03342 ............................Atmosphere (standard) (atm)

Inches of mercury (0°C).............................................1.133 ............................Feet of water (4°C)

Inches mercury (0°C) ...............................................3.3863 ............................Kilopascals (kPa)

Inches of mercury (0°C)...........................................0.4912 ............................Pounds-force/square inch

Inches of water (4°C)............................................0.002458 ............................Atmosphere (standard) (atm)

Inches of water (4°C)..............................................0.07356 ............................Inches of mercury (0°C)

Inches of water (4°C)..................................................5.202 ............................Pounds-force/square feet

Inches of water (4°C)..............................................0.03613 ............................Pounds-force/square inch Joules (J)...........................................................9.480 x 10 [-4] ............................British thermal units (Btus)

Joules (J)...................................................................0.7376 ............................Foot-pounds Joules (J)...........................................................2.778 x 10 [-4] ............................Watt-hours

Kelvin (K).........................................................°K - 273.15 ............................Celsius (°C)

Kilograms (kg)..........................................................2.2046 ............................Pounds (lbs) Kilograms (kg) .................................................1.102 x 10 [-3] ............................Tons (short)

Kilopascals (kPa)..................................................0.145038 ............................Pounds-force/square inch

Kilometers (km)........................................................0.6214 ............................Miles (statute)

Kilometers/hour (km/h)............................................0.6214 ............................Miles/hour (mi/h)

Kilowatts (kW) .......................................................3412.14 ............................British thermal units/hour (Btus/hour)

Kilowatts (kW) ...........................................................1.341 ............................Horsepower (hp)

Kilowatt-hours.............................................................3413 ............................British thermal units (Btus) Kilowatt-hours.................................................2.655 x 10 [+6] ............................Foot-pounds (ft•lbs) Kilowatt-hours.....................................................3.6 x 10 [+6] ............................Joules (J)

Kip (1000 lbf).......................................................4.448222 ............................Kilonewtons (kN)

Kip-foot ..................................................................1.35671 ............................Kilonewton meters (kN•m) Kips per square inch (kip/in [2] )...................................6.8947 ............................Megapascals (MPa) Lambert (la).................................................3.183099 x 10 [3] ............................Candela per square meter (cd/m [2] ) Liters (L).................................................................0.03531 ............................Cubic feet (ft [3] ) Liters (L).....................................................................61.02 ............................Cubic inches (in [3] ) Liters (L).....................................................................0.001 ............................Cubic meters (m [3] )

Liters (L)...................................................................0.2642 ............................Gallons (U.S. liquid) Lumens per square foot (lm/ft [2] ) (footcandle).......10.76391 ............................Lux (lx)

Meters (m) ..................................................................3.281 ............................Feet (ft)

Meters (m) ..................................................................39.37 ............................Inches (in)

Meters (m) ..................................................................1.094 ............................Yards

Meters/second (m/s) ...................................................3.281 ............................Feet/second (ft/s)

Meters/second (m/s) ...................................................2.237 ............................Miles/hour (mi/h)

Miles (mi) ....................................................................5280 ............................Feet (ft)

Miles (statute).............................................................1.609 ............................Kilometers (km)

Miles/hour (mi/h).............................................................88 ............................Feet/minute (ft/min)

Miles/hour (mi/h)........................................................1.467 ............................Feet/second (ft/s)

Miles/hour (mi/h)..................................................1.609344 ............................Kilometers/hour (km/h)

Miles/hour (mi/h)........................................................26.82 ............................Meters/minute (m/min)

Miles/hour (mi/h)....................................................0.44704 ............................Meters/second (m/s)

UNIT CONVERSIONS (continued)

MULTIPLY BY TO OBTAIN

Millimeters (mm)............................................................0.1 ............................Centimeters (cm)

Millimeters (mm)....................................................0.03937 ............................Inches (in)

Millimeters (mm)........................................................0.001 ............................Meters (m) Minutes (min).............................................2.908882 x 10 [-4] ............................Radians (rads) Ounces/square inch (oz/in [2] )..................................43.94185 ............................Kilograms/square meter (kg/m [2] )

Ounces/square feet (oz/ft [2] ) ...............................0.03051517 ............................Kilograms/square meter (kg/m [2] )

Ounces (oz).............................................................0.02834 ............................Kilograms (kg)

Ounces (oz)...........................................................29.57353 ............................Millimeters (mL)

Pints....................................................................0.4731765 ............................Liters (L)

Pound-force feet (lbf•ft) .......................................1.355818 ............................Newton meters (N•m)

Pound-force inch (lbf•in)....................................0.1129848 ............................Newton meters (N•m)

Pound-force per foot (lbf/ft) ...................................14.5939 ............................Newton meters (N•m) Pound-force per square foot (lbf/ft [2] ) ....................47.88026 ............................Pascal (Pa) Pound-force per square inch (lbf/in [2] ) .....................6.89476 ............................Kilopascals (kPa)

Pound-force per inch (lbf/in)................................175.1268 ............................Newton meters (N•m) Pounds/cubic inch (lb/in [3] )...........................2.767990 x 10 [4] ............................Kilograms/cubic meter (kg/m [3] ) Pounds/cubic yard (lb/yd [3] ) .................................0.5932764 ............................Kilograms/cubic meter (kg/m [3] )

Pounds (lb)..............................................................0.45359 ............................Kilograms (kg) Pounds/cubic foot (lb/ft [3] ) .......................................16.0184 ............................Kilograms/cubic meter (kg/m [3] )

Pounds/foot (lb/ft) ....................................................1.4881 ............................Kilograms/meters (kg/m) Pounds/square inch (lb/in [2] ).........................................703.1 ............................Kilograms-force/square meter (kg/m [2] ) Pounds/square foot (lb/ft [2] )....................................4.882427 ............................Kilograms-force/square meter (kg/m [2] )

Pounds-force (lbf).....................................................4.4482 ............................Newtons (N)

Pounds-force/square inch (psi)...............................0.06805 ............................Atmosphere (standard) (atm)

Pounds-force/square inch (psi)...................................2.307 ............................Feet of water (4°C)

Pounds-force/square inch (psi)...................................2.036 ............................Inches of mercury (0°C)

Pounds-force/square inch (psi)...............................6.89476 ............................Kilopascals (kPa) Quarts (U.S. dry) (dry qt) ...........................................67.20 ............................Cubic inches (in [3] ) Quarts (U.S. liquid) (liq qt) ........................................57.75 ............................Cubic inches (in [3] )

Quarts (liquid) ....................................................0.9463529 ............................Liters (L)

Radians (rads).............................................................57.30 ............................Degrees (deg) Seconds (s) ..................................................4.848137 x10 [-6] ............................Radians (rads) Square acre ...........................................................0.404687 ............................Square kilometers (km [2] ) Square feet (ft [2] )..............................................................144 ............................Square inches (in [2] ) Square feet (ft [2] ).........................................................0.0929 ............................Square meters (m [2] ) Square inches (in [2] )....................................................645.16 ............................Square millimeters (mm [2] ) Square inches (in [2] )................................................0.000645 ............................Square meters (m [2] ) Square meters (m [2] ) ......................................................1550 ............................Square inches (in [2] ) Square miles (mi [2] ) .........................................................640 ............................Acres Square miles (mi [2] ) ................................................2.589988 ............................Square kilometers (km [2] ) Square millimeters (mm [2] ) ................................1.550 x 10 [-3] ............................Square inches (in [2] ) Square yards (yd [2] ) .............................................................9 ............................Square feet (ft [2] ) Square yards (yd [2] ) ..............................................0.8361274 ............................Square meters (m [3] )

Temperature (°C) + 17.28 ..............................................1.8 ............................Temperature (°F) Temperature (°F) – 32 .................................................... 5 ⁄ 9 ............................Temperature (°C)

UNIT CONVERSIONS (continued)

MULTIPLY BY TO OBTAIN

Ton-force (tonf) (2000 lbf)...................................8.896443 ............................Kilonewtons (kN)

Ton-force foot (tonf•f/ft) ........................................2.71342 ............................Kilonewton meters (kN•m) Ton-force per square foot (tonf/ft [2] ) ........................95.7605 ............................Kilopascals (kPa) Ton-force per square inch (tonf/in [2] ).......................13.7895 ............................Megapascals (MPa)

Ton (metric).................................................................1000 ............................Kilograms (kg)

Tons (long) (2240 lbs)..........................................1016.047 ............................Kilograms (kg)

Tons (short) .................................................................2000 ............................Pounds (lbs)

Watts.........................................................................3.4121 ............................British thermal units per hour (Btus/hour) Watts.................................................................1.341 x 10 [-3] ............................Horsepower (hp)

Yards (y)...................................................................0.9144 ............................Meters (m)

Sl SYMBOLS AND PREFIXES
SI PREFIXES	SI PREFIXES	SI PREFIXES
MULTIPLICATION FACTOR	PREFIX	SYMBOL
1 000 000 000 000 000 000 = E+18	exa	E
1 000 000 000 000 000 = E+15	peta	P
1 000 000 000 000 = E+12	tera	T
1 000 000 000 = E+09	giga	G
1 000 000 = E+06	mega	M
1 000 = E+03	kilo	k
100 = E+02	hecto	h
10 = E+01	deka	da
0.1 = E-01	deci	d
0.01 = E-02	centi	c
0.001 = E-03	milli	m
0.000 001 = E-06	micro	µ
0.000 000 001 = E-09	nano	n
0.000 000 000 001 = E-12	pico	p
0.000 000 000 000 001 = E-15	femto	f
0.000 000 000 000 000 001 = E-18	atto	a

FLOW IN GALLONS PER MINUTE CONVERTED TO FIXTURE UNITS FOR

GRAVITY FLUSH TANKS AND FLUSHOMETERS

These tables may be interpolated

FLOW GPM	FIXTURE UNITS
FLOW GPM	FLUSH VALVE TANKS	FLUSHOMETER VALVES
125	506	396
130	533	430
135	559	460
140	585	490
145	611	521
150	638	559
155	665	596
160	692	631
165	719	666
170	748	700
175	778	739
180	809	775
185	840	811
190	874	850
200	945	931
210	1018	1009
220	1091	1091
230	1173	1173
240	1254	1254
250	1335	1335
260	1418	1418
270	1500	1500
280	1598	1598
290	1668	1668
300	1755	1755
310	1845	1845
320	1926	1926
330	2018	2018
340	2110	2110
350	2204	2204
360	2298	2298
370	2388	2388
380	2480	2480
390	2575	2575
400	2670	2670
410	2765	2765
420	2862	2862
430	2960	2960
440	3060	3060
450	3150	3150
500	3620	3620
FLOW GPM	FLUSH VALVE TANKS	FLUSHOMETER VALVES
1	0	—
2	1	—
3	3	—
4	4	—
5	6	—
6	7	—
7	8	—
8	10	—
9	12	—
10	13	—
11	15	—
12	16	—
13	18	—
14	20	—
15	21	—
16	23	—
17	24	—
18	26	—
19	28	—
20	30	—
21	32	—
22	34	5
23	36	6
24	39	7
25	42	8
26	44	9
27	46	10
28	49	11
29	51	12
30	54	13
31	56	14
32	58	15
33	60	16
34	63	18
35	66	20
36	69	21
37	74	23
38	78	25
39	83	26
40	86	28
41	90	30
42	95	31
FLOW GPM	FLUSH VALVE TANKS	FLUSHOMETER VALVES
43	99	33
44	103	35
45	107	37
46	111	39
47	115	42
48	119	44
49	123	46
50	127	48
51	130	50
52	135	52
53	141	54
54	146	57
55	151	60
56	155	63
57	160	66
58	165	69
59	170	73
60	175	76
62	185	82
64	195	88
66	205	95
68	215	102
70	225	108
72	236	116
74	245	124
76	254	132
78	264	140
80	275	148
82	284	158
84	294	168
86	305	176
88	315	186
90	325	195
92	337	205
94	348	214
96	359	223
98	370	234
100	380	245
105	406	270
110	431	295
115	455	329
120	479	365

AREAS AND CIRCUMFERENCES OF CIRCLES

DIAMETER		CIRCUMFERENCE		AREA
Inches	mm	Inches	mm	Inches2	mm2
1⁄8	6	0.40	10	0.01227	8.0
1⁄4	8	0.79	20	0.04909	31.7
3⁄8	10	1.18	30	0.11045	71.3
1⁄2	15	1.57	40	0.19635	126.7
3⁄4	20	2.36	60	0.44179	285.0
1	25	3.14	80	0.7854	506.7
11⁄4	32	3.93	100	1.2272	791.7
11⁄2	40	4.71	120	1.7671	1140.1
2	50	6.28	160	3.1416	2026.8
21⁄2	65	7.85	200	4.9087	3166.9
3	80	9.43	240	7.0686	4560.4
4	100	12.55	320	12.566	8107.1
5	125	15.71	400	19.635	12 667.7
6	150	18.85	480	28.274	18 241.3
7	175	21.99	560	38.485	24 828.9
8	200	25.13	640	50.265	32 428.9
9	225	28.27	720	63.617	41 043.1
10	250	31.42	800	78.540	50 670.9

FRICTION LOSS PER FOOT LENGTH

[SCHEDULE 80 PVC EXCEEDING CHART A105.1(7)]

The following formula should be used for where Schedule 80 IPS CPVC sizes 2½” through 10” exceed Chart A 105.1(7):

Head loss formula: H L = 0.2083 (100/ C ) 1.852 x Q 1.852 / d I 4.8655

Where: H L = frictional head loss (feet of water per 100 feet)

C = Hazen-Williams factor (150 for CPVC)

Q = flow rate (gal/min) d I = inside diameter of pipe (inches)

Note: head loss in feet of water per 100 feet can be multiplied by 0.4335 to obtain pressure drop in psi

Velocity formula: V W = 0.4085 Q / d I 2

Where: V W = velocity of water (feet per second)

FLOW IN PARTLY FILLED (ONE-HALF FULL) PIPES (BASED ON MANNING’S FORMULA WITH n = .012)

SLOPE (feet/feet)

FLOW IN PARTLY FILLED (FULL) PIPES (BASED ON MANNING’S FORMULA WITH n = .012)

SLOPE (feet/feet)